Vietnam’s Journey Toward Human Rights: Recent Developments and Future Directions

During its 57th regular session on September 27, 2024, the United Nations Human Rights Council approved the outcomes of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR)’s fourth cycle for Vietnam. This momentous occasion marks a significant chapter for Vietnam as it strives to align its development with international human rights standards.

Political Landscape and Strategic Milestones

Coinciding with this review cycle (2019-2023), Vietnam witnessed transformative political events. Notably, the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam and the elections of the 15th-tenure National Assembly (NA) and Government have set the stage for a concerted effort to bolster citizens’ rights and human rights across the nation. These milestones have not only reshaped Vietnam’s political landscape but also established a framework for enhancing the culture of human rights.

Through these key events, Vietnam has articulated its long-term vision and development directions for the 2021-2030 period. The aim is to build and perfect a socialist rule of law State while improving living standards and promoting human rights within the country.

Perfecting the Legal Framework

From 2019 to November 2023, the Vietnamese National Assembly passed 44 laws, many of which address human and citizens’ rights. These laws are aligned with the 2013 Constitution and international treaties, ensuring compatibility with international obligations.

Currently, Vietnam is reviewing key laws to amend and supplement them in accordance with international commitments. Important revisions include the Law on Children, the Law on Juvenile Justice, and the Law on Gender Reassignment.

Engaging Citizens in Legal Framework Development

In its commitment to participatory governance, the Vietnamese Government promotes public engagement in the law-making process. Citizens are encouraged to provide feedback and contribute to policy development and oversight of State agencies. This process not only enhances the quality of legislation but also builds a culture of transparency within the government.

To date, public consultations on various bills have led to positive changes, demonstrating an effective mechanism for improving legal texts. Moreover, Vietnam is exploring the establishment of a National Human Rights Institution (NHRI) to strengthen its capacity in this area.

National Assembly adopts several revised laws (Photo: VNA)

New Policies Ensuring Human Rights

Vietnam’s socioeconomic development strategy for 2021-2030 emphasizes improving the quality of human resources and living standards, particularly for vulnerable groups. The country aims to transition to a modern industry with a high middle-income status by 2030 and become a developed country by 2045.

To support these goals, the Prime Minister approved a program focusing on healthcare, support for the elderly, children, and people with disabilities. Such initiatives reflect Vietnam’s commitment to social equity and the protection of fundamental rights.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Alignment

Vietnam has made strides in aligning its social development investments with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Investments in social development have remained consistently above 34% of GDP, demonstrating a commitment to progress in this area.

Ongoing efforts to monitor SDG fulfillment include the establishment of 158 statistical indicators and regular updates to relevant databases. By enhancing the institutional framework for sustainable development, Vietnam is fostering inter-agency collaboration and integrating nátional and international efforts to meet these global targets.

Vietnam has also issued new strategies and policies focusing on social welfare and the protection of vulnerable groups (Photo: VNA)

Climate Change and Green Growth Initiatives

In response to environmental issues, Vietnam is actively pursuing a climate change strategy that links environmental protection with social rights and gender equality. The 2020 Law on Environment Protection mandates a clean environment for all citizens.

Vietnam’s commitment to greenhouse gas reduction is noteworthy; it has embarked on the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) alongside international allies. The goal is to raise $15.5 billion to support Vietnam’s energy transition and ensure equitable access to affordable energy.

Administrative Reforms and Anti-Corruption Efforts

Vietnam continues to make headway in administrative reform and anti-corruption initiatives. The Prime Minister’s action motto prioritizes discipline, integrity, and transparency, underscoring the government’s commitment to address corruption comprehensively.

Effective from July 1, 2019, the Anti-Corruption Law has established a robust framework for identifying and managing corruption, coupled with the development of e-Government initiatives aimed at improving public accountability and citizen participation.

Wind and solar power projects in Vietnam (Photo: VNA)

Through these reforms, Vietnam is not only enhancing governance but also empowering citizens by enforcing their rights in public policy-making.

In summary, Vietnam’s ongoing efforts toward refining its legal framework, enhancing citizen engagement, and implementing new policies reflect a committed trajectory toward embracing human rights within its development strategy. As the nation continues to engage with international bodies and align its policies with global standards, Vietnam stands at a transformative crossroads, shaping a future where human rights are prioritized alongside national growth.