In Vietnam, Domestic Work Was Officially Recognized as a Profession in 1994
Domestic work in Vietnam has undergone a remarkable transformation since its official recognition as a profession in 1994. This pivotal change has not only influenced labor dynamics but has also elevated the importance of domestic workers in modern Vietnamese households. According to recent statistics from the Hanoi Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs, there are approximately 13,700 domestic workers in the capital, reflecting a growing trend in this essential field.
### Rising Demand for Domestic Workers
As Vietnam experiences rapid urbanization and increasing wealth, the demand for domestic workers has surged. This shift is largely driven by busy city dwellers seeking assistance with everyday chores. The recent uptick in the number of domestic workers is evident in various service sectors, such as housekeeping, elderly care, childcare, and gardening. Many families now rely heavily on these workers, who play a crucial role in maintaining household efficiency.
### Demographics of Domestic Workers
The demographic landscape of domestic workers in Vietnam reveals interesting patterns. Approximately 94% of these workers are female, with over 95% being adults aged 18 and above. Despite the essential services they provide, many domestic workers earn a modest monthly income ranging from VND 5 to 7 million (approximately US$196 to US$274). This earnings range often underscores the socio-economic challenges faced by these workers, further highlighting their vital but undervalued contribution to society.
### Legal Framework and Social Security
While Vietnam has made significant strides in recognizing domestic work legally, challenges remain regarding workers’ rights and protections. Employers are legally required to pay social and health insurance premiums for their domestic workers; however, compliance with these regulations is low. Most employers do not report hiring or terminating domestic workers, leaving many workers without essential protections that could safeguard their rights and well-being.
### Employment Opportunities and Training
The Hanoi Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs is actively working to improve employment opportunities for workers across the city. As part of these efforts, they provide vocational training and job transition support for unemployed individuals. In the first four months of the year, the department successfully facilitated job placements for 73,298 individuals, achieving 44.4% of their annual target. This represents a notable 13.4% increase compared to the same period in the previous year.
Job placement initiatives are bolstered by a robust infrastructure involving a central job exchange system and 13 satellite exchanges across the city. These facilities help workers find suitable employment while also addressing the needs of various sectors, including domestic work.
### ILO Standards and Vietnam’s Labor Code
The establishment of a comprehensive legal framework for domestic workers in Vietnam is crucial for protecting their rights and ensuring equitable working conditions. The International Labor Organization (ILO) introduced Convention No. 189 on Decent Work for Domestic Workers in 2011, setting international standards for this vital sector.
In Vietnam, the Labor Code was amended in 2012 to strengthen protections and outline the responsibilities of employers regarding domestic work. While subsequent amendments in 2019 brought technical adjustments, they did not introduce substantial changes to domestic work regulations. Nonetheless, the recognition and regulation of domestic work signify a step towards improving the working conditions and rights for an often-overlooked segment of the workforce.
### Conclusion
The evolution of domestic work in Vietnam highlights both progress and ongoing challenges within this sector. As urban life becomes more complex, domestic workers will continue to be indispensable to families, necessitating a stronger legislative framework and improved awareness of their rights and contributions.